{"id":2657,"date":"2015-08-31T00:37:01","date_gmt":"2015-08-30T15:37:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tcmit.org\/?page_id=2657.html"},"modified":"2023-09-01T14:43:57","modified_gmt":"2023-09-01T05:43:57","slug":"fiber01","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.tcmit.org\/english\/research\/textile\/fiber01","title":{"rendered":"The Fundamentals in Spinning and Weaving Technologies"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>It was before 5,000 BC when humans started spinning threads and making fabrics. These are some of the oldest forms of technology invented by man, and spinning and weaving remain unchanged from many years ago. Advancements in technology have seen us devise ways in which we can hasten the process, save labor, and diversify as much as possible.Rudimental spinning and weaving tools, as well as early mechanized spinning machines, are exhibited in the first section, at the Textile Machinery Pavilion. Even the current state-of-the-art technologies were born of these fundamental techniques.<\/p>\n<section class=\"clearfix\">\n<h2>The Spinning Technology<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright floatclear sp-center\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/img-textile01.jpg\" alt=\"The Spinning Technology\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Spinning is composed of three fundamental processes:<span class=\"font-red\">i)<\/span> ulling a fiber out of a mass of fibers,<span class=\"font-red\">ii)<\/span>twisting thread to strengthen it into yarn, and<span class=\"font-red\"> iii)<\/span> winding up the spun yarn. Some of the oldest spinning tools, such as a spindle and a spinning wheel, are displayed.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"clearfix\">\n<h2>The Weaving Technology<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright floatclear sp-center\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/img-textile02.jpg\" alt=\"The Weaving Technology\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The fundamental work in weaving is also composed of three parts:\u00a0<span class=\"font-red\">i)<\/span>\u00a0dividing and opening lengthwise warps (opening),\u00a0<span class=\"font-red\">ii)<\/span>\u00a0inserting wefts widthways between warps (widthway insertion), and\u00a0<span class=\"font-red\">iii)<\/span>\u00a0And beating the inserted wefts with a reed (beating), which completes the three-part process.Early tools, such as the backstrap loom, which involves the physical actions of the hands and waist and a ground loom, used in the Echigo Province (present Niigata Prefecture) during the Edo period (1603-1868) are exhibited.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"clearfix\">\n<h2>Various Types of Fibers<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright floatclear sp-center\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/img-textile03.jpg\" alt=\"Various Types of Fibers\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Fibers are roughly divided into natural fibers and chemical fibers and are further divided into smaller categories, based on materials and ingredients used. Twelve major types of fibers, such as silk, wool, nylon, and polyester are on display.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"clearfix\">\n<h2>Textiles of the World and Japan<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright floatclear sp-center\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/img-textile04.jpg\" alt=\"Textiles of the World and Japan\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Silk is said to originate in China, wool in Mesopotamia, flax in Egypt, and cotton in India; fibers that suit the climate of regions had established themselves and were used for textiles. Fifty-seven different traditional cotton textiles of the world and Japan are presented.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"clearfix\">\n<h2>A Story of Cotton Flowers<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright floatclear sp-center\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/img-textile05.jpg\" alt=\"A Story of Cotton Flowers\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Cotton is a perennial plant in the family of Malvaceae, native to India, and said to have come to Japan about 1,200 years ago. A panel displays the world&#8217;s cotton-flower-producing regions and their production volumes.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"clearfix\">\n<h2>From Tools to Machines<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright floatclear sp-center\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/img-textile06.jpg\" alt=\"From Tools to Machines\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Replicas of Spinning Jenny, Water-frame, and Spinning Mule, which were invented during the age of the Industrial Revolution in the mid-18th century England, are displayed. These are spinning machines you can only see in this museum and are of the time when technology had taken the first step, from hand spinning and hand weaving, towards mechanization.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"clearfix\">\n<h2>The Spinning Demonstration<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright floatclear sp-center\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/img-textile07.jpg\" alt=\"The Spinning Demonstration\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The work of spinning yarn from cotton, using old tools, is demonstrated. The shrubs of cotton, which are the materials for yarn, are also a must-see in the exhibit. In order to make cotton yarn, the following steps are done:<span class=\"font-red\"> i) <\/span>Remove seeds from dried cotton balls, using a cotton gin (Ginning); <span class=\"font-red\">ii) <\/span>Separate fibers by vibrating the strings of a cotton bow, making it easy to spin (Cotton beating); and <span class=\"font-red\">iii) <\/span> Pull fibers from cotton, using a spinning wheel, twist it into yarn, and wind it up (Twisting and winding up).<\/p>\n<div class=\"video-box lb-video-anchor\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/zGkIh6qElGk \" data-title=\"Video demonstrating the Yarn-spinning in operation\">\n<div class=\"video_box_image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/video-fiber0101.jpg\" alt=\"video-fiber0101\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"video_box_title\"><span>Video demonstrating the Yarn-spinning in operation <br class=\"u-sp\">(Filmed on August, 2019)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It was before 5,000 BC when humans started spinning threads and making fabrics. 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